I-dual submersible yaseChina ifinyelela okokuqala emanzini ajulile e-Arctic
Phakathi nohambo lwesayensi lwase-China lwe-15 lwe-Arctic, i-Jiaolong yenza ukutshuza kwayo okokuqala endaweni yeqhwa e-Arctic.
Ukwengeza, umsebenzi wokuqala womhlaba wonke wokuhlanganyela wangaphansi kwamanzi phakathi kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezingenamuntu nezingenamuntu ezifundeni ezishisayo usuphothuliwe.
Rekhoda ukudilika kolwandle eqhweni: Uhambo lwesayensi lwe-Arctic lwase-China olukabili olumbili lufinyelela okokuqala emhlabeni jikelele
Ngo-September 2025, ithimba lase-China le-15th Arctic Ocean lohambo lwesayensi labuya nezindondo. Kulolu hambo, i-"Jiaolong" ephethwe imoto engaphansi kwamanzi nengenamuntu (ROV) yakha "inhlanganisela engaphansi kwe-dual submersible" futhi yazuza impumelelo yokuqala yesayensi emhlabeni wonke e-Arctic ice sea, okumaka ukungena okusemthethweni{3}}kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola ulwandle lwase-China enkathini entsha "yokusebenza kolwandle".
Impumelelo emangalisa kakhulu yalolu hambo lwesayensi umsebenzi wokuqala womhlaba wokuhlanganyela wangaphansi kwamanzi phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezinabantu abaningi nezingenamuntu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngomhla ka-Agasti 14-15, i-"Jiaolong" ne-ROV zaqeda ukutshuza okubili okubalulekile emanzini ane-latitude ephezulu ngaphezu kuka-75℃N e-Arctic Ocean: ukutshuza kokuqala okuhlanganyelwe kwaqinisekisa ukuma okunembayo kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-acoustic ezindaweni ezipholile, futhi kwanqoba izinkinga zokungazinzi kwesignali okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kweqhwa elintantayo, i-geomali, njll; Ekusebenzeni okuhlanganyelwe kwesibili, i-ROV yathwebula yonke inqubo yokusampula komkhumbi-mkhathi "Jiaolong". Umkhumbi-mkhathi we-"Jiaolong" unikeze amasampula edwala kanye nezimpawu zokusebenza ku-ROV, futhi lezi zinto ezimbili ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziphinde zaqopha idatha yezithombe zodwa, zazuza ukuhlanganiswa okujulile "kokusungula komuntu nokunemba komshini". Le modi yokuhlanganyela ivala igebe lokunganele -kwesikali samasampula esilinganisweni sezinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezinomuntu, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-40%, futhi isetha ipharadigm entsha yokuhlola ngokuhlanganyela kwe-polar deep-sea esikhathini esizayo.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi i-Jiaolong uphinde wazuza okokuqala ngqa ukutshuza eqhweni e-Arctic ngumuntu waseShayina ohamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, wanweba ikhono lokutshuza elisekujuleni{0}}laseShayina kusukela "ekujuleni kolwandle olugcwele" kuya "endaweni yolwandle olugcwele". Ukuze ubhekane nezimo ezidlulele ezifana -njengokushisa okuphansi okungu-30 degrees kanye neqhwa eliminyene elintantayo ezindaweni ezipholile, ithimba locwaningo lenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-"Ice Armor" yendiza-mkhathi ye-"Jiaolong": isistimu ye-hydraulic kanye nebhethri ye-lithium kuhlolwe amakhulu wezinga lokushisa{5}}eliphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile ku-degree℃{{8}; I-radar ye-multi beam ifakwe phezulu ukuze kutholwe ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sangempela kweqhwa elintantayo, futhi idivayisi yokulayisha yesibili yengezwa ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile isivinini esintantayo; Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokuzulazula, ukunemba kokumisa sekufinyelele ezingeni lemitha elingu-1, kuxazululwa inkinga yokuchezuka kokuzulazula okubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwe-Arctic geomagnetic. Umshayeli womkhumbi-ngwenya u-Fu Wentao uveze ukuthi inselelo enkulu yokutshuza e-Arctic deep-sea "izinguquko eziguqukayo endaweni yeqhwa". Ithimba locwaningo lwesayensi ngobuchule lamukele imodi "yokuthola umkhumbi ongaphansi kwamanzi", ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokutakula ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-30% ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-multiple boam kanye nokuma kwekhamera, ukugwema ingozi yokuthola kabusha ebangelwa ukukhukhuleka kweqhwa elintantayo.
Emkhakheni wokutholwa kwesayensi, inhlanganisela ye-dual submersible isethe "amarekhodi okuqala" amaningi. Ngobuchwepheshe besizwa be-biometric be-AI, ithimba labacwaningi besayensi lithole ngokokuqala ngqa umehluko obalulekile wendawo ekusatshalalisweni kwezinto eziphila ngaphansi kwe-benthic olwandle olujulile lwe-Arctic. Ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuma komhlaba, ukuminyana kwezinto eziphilayo njengemisila yenyoka yasolwandle nama-anemone olwandle kungahluka izikhathi ezingafika kweziyi-10, futhi ngokuvamile abonisa izici ezihlukile "zabantu abancane kanye nokuhlukahluka okuphezulu". Awekho amanye amaqembu ajwayelekile ajulile{4}}e-sea coral kanye ne-sea cucumber olwandle atholakele. Ikhamera ephezulu-yencazelo ethwelwe yi-ROV iphinde yathwebula izinsalela zentwasahlobo ezibandayo ezisolwayo zama-pockmark, amatshe e-carbonate, kanye{7}}nezinsalela ezinkulu ze-shellfish, enikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bocwaningo lokuthutha i-methane emlandweni wokwakheka komhlaba we-Arctic. Ukwengeza, iqoqo elivumelanisiwe lamanzi olwandle namasampula enzika nge-dual submersible ligcwalisa izikhala eziningi zepharamitha yezemvelo endaweni ephakeme ye-latitude ye-Arctic Ocean, ihlinzeka ngedatha eyisisekelo yokubikezela izinguquko zeqhwa lasolwandle.
Lolu hambo lwesayensi luphinde lwasungula indlela yokusebenza "yokubambisana kwemikhumbi emibili kanye nokuxhumanisa amathuluzi amaningi". Umkhumbi we-"Xuelong 2" ophihliza iqhwa uvule indawo yokusebenza, kuyilapho i-"Deep Sea 1" yenza ukuqaphela okuvumelanayo ngezinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezimbili, kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa eqhweni ezingenamuntu ezingenamuntu zithola ukuqapha kwesimo sezulu samahora angu-24-amahora angu-24{8}}wonke. Lonke uhlelo lungathola amasethi wedatha ye-polar yemvelo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.8 ngonyaka, futhi izindleko zikagesi nge-kilowatt ngehora zilawulwa ezingeni elihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuphumelela akubonisi kuphela ukuzimela kwe-China-nokuthuthuka kwayo{10}}kubuchwepheshe{11}}bolwandle olujulile, kodwa futhi ihlinzeka "ngesixazululo samaShayina" esisebenza kahle futhi esingabizi kakhulu socwaningo lwesayensi ye-polar.
